KIDS SLEEP IN A WINTER

In the winter, temperatures consistently reached Stockholm temperature of -5 degrees Celsius, but those visiting the Swedish capital could see many strollers with sleeping children left to enter the building.

A walk through Stockholm would allow visitors to see how parents enjoying a cafe latte in a café while baby stroller with their stay at the entrance. Also, Swedes and visiting friends who accompany babies when they feel the need to sleep will be invited to leave the balcony or in the garden to rest.

"I think it is better for children to be in the fresh air as quickly as possible," comments Lisa Mardon, a mother with three children in Stockholm. "Especially in winter, when moving many diseases, children seem healthier you sleep outside," said Mardon. His children slept apart since birth. The youngest of them, Alfred (2 years), sleeping in stroller outdoors once a day for 90 minutes. When Alfred was younger than sleeping twice a day.

There is a new trend : Lisa's mother, Gunilla, said he did the same thing when her daughter was small. "Of course I do this. Lisa was important to have some fresh air and be healthy, "said Gunilla.

Also Lisa's father, Peter, was left to sleep out in the 50s. Only when the temperature drops below -10 degrees Celsius parents brought him home.

Not only in Swedish is customary for parents to let their babies sleep outdoors in winter. Lenka a young

mother of Slovakia declares: “

As far as I know (watching my little brother and my cousin's kids grow) it is common here in Slovakia as well to leave the kids outside to sleep. Not like this usually (walking in the caffee and leaving your baby outside) but leaving your baby sleep in the balcony of your apartment or house is completely normal at least where I come from. Of course this is possible only until your baby is able to get up and crawl from the pram - that would become dangerous I think. It's actually funny what kind of things you find amazing that are completely normal in Europe. For example taking your baby or kid outside no matter what the weather is like. Many people say they get healthier lifestyles after having a baby because of the fact that they want to feed them good and healthy food as well as getting the fresh air every single day. ”


There are also people who do not appreciate this way of health care for their children. A young Swedish Joanna says: “When I visit my sister, who lives in the Unite States, I always let my baby sleep in the pram outside on the porch. And the neighbors, who are friends, think we are crazy! Saying 'Crazy Swedes.' And then when I go back to Sweden I tell my friends about how the american reacted to this and then they say: "oh the americans are so crazy, always paranoid”

Today, in most nurseries in Sweden children are left out when it comes to sleep. A visitor to a nursery at lunchtime can see carts lined up in the snow, with babies sleeping in them. At Forskolan Orren, a nursery on the outskirts of Stockholm, all children sleep outside until the age of three years. "When the temperature falls below -15 degrees Celsius cover with blankets carts." says Brittmarie Carlzon, teacher, boss. "Temperature is not the only thing that matters, but how cold it feels outside. Sometimes the temperature can be -15 degrees Celsius but the wind feeling to be -20 degrees "adds Carlzon. "Last year we had a few days with temperatures of -20 degrees Celsius. In those days we got inside carts sometimes when babies sleep, but most of it was spent sleeping outside"said the teacher.

The theory underlying this custom is that children who were exposed to fresh air or in the middle of summer or winter, are less likely to be affected by colds and other illnesses. Also think parents spend a whole day in a room with 30 other children do not do well.

Also, many parents believe that their babies sleep better and longer when they sleep outside, and the Finnish scientist claims to have conducted a survey among parents confirm this.

"Clearly, babies sleep more outside than inside," says Marjo Touroula. If you sleep in the house take on average between 1 and 2 hours sleep outdoors last from 1.5 to 3 hours.

"Perhaps restricting movements to increase the duration of sleep clothing and cool environment allows wrapping baby out without cause overheating," says Touroula.

According to studies conducted by Touroula, the ideal temperature for sleeping outdoors is -5 degrees Celsius, although some parents who let their children sleep dialogue outside and -30 degrees Celsius.

It is unclear whether babies who sleep out cool than the other children. "Some studies show that preschoolers who spent several hours in the open - not just sleeping - missing fewer days of kindergarten than those who spend more time indoors. But other studies have found a difference, "said Margareta Blennow pediatrician.

Jarnstrom Martin, head of a group of nurseries in Sweden, is a big supporter of sleeping outdoors. However, Jarnstrom points out that although the weather may be cold, the baby needs to be warm. "It is very important for babies to have wool close to the body, warm clothes and a warm sleeping bag," he said.
In fact, this thought is synthesized by a Swedish proverb: "no bad weather, only inappropriate clothing." Also, another Swedish proverb says that "some fresh air did not hurt anyone."

However, northern habits are not seen with good eyes elsewhere. In 1997, a Danish woman was arrested in New York for leaving her 14-month-old in a stroller outside a restaurant. The mom claimed false arrest, saying that Danish parents commonly leave their babies unattended when they step inside for a coffee or a bite to eat. While that is true of parents in Nordic countries (even in subzero temperatures), the streets of Copenhagen and Stockholm are a far cry from New York’s mean city streets.

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INTERESTING FACTS

1. The sun makes up more than 99% of the mass of the solar system.
2. Humans can distinguish between at least a trillion smells.
3. Almost every element in your body was made in an exploding star.
4. An asteroid in our solar system has rings, like Saturn.
5. There might be another Earth-sized planet in the outer solar system.
6. A narwhal’s tusk is filled with nerves.
7. Each of a tarsier’s eyeballs is as big as its brain.
8. If you shuffle a pack of cards properly, chances are that exact order has never been seen before in the whole history of the universe.
9. Adults have fewer bones than a baby.
10. Humans can’t breathe and swallow at the same time.
11. There are about 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms in a human body.
12. There are about 86 billion neurons in an average human brain.
13. Every atom in your body is billions of years old.
14. There’s a type of mollusc called a chiton that can make its own magnetic teeth.
15. Bees sense a flower’s electric field and use it to find pollen.
16. Beaked whales can hold their breath for over two hours.
17. Mantis shrimp can punch at 80 kilometres per hour.
18. The universe might be a hologram.

19. There’s a gas cloud in the constellation of Aquila that contains enough alcohol to make 400 trillion trillion pints of beer.
20. Looking at stars is basically looking into the past, because of how long it takes the light from them to reach us.
21. Dung beetles can use the Milky Way to navigate.
22. The Milky Way has four spiral arms, not two.
23. If you cry in space the tears just stick to your face.
24. During the ice age, 32,000 years ago, a squirrel buried a seed. Now the seed has been used to grow a flower.
25. We’ve found over a thousand planets outside our solar system just in the last 20 years.
26. There’s a planet where it rains glass, sideways.
27. The world’s oceans contain 20 million tons of gold.
28. If the oceans dried out, the salt left over would cover the continents to a depth of 5 feet.
29. There are more cells of bacteria in your body than there are human cells.
30. There’s a species of jellyfish that is essentially immortal.
31. Ladybirds can fly at speeds up to 60 kph.
32. There’s a 3.5-inch aluminium sculpture on the moon.
33. Scientists have found a tiny crystal of zircon that is 4.4 billion years old.
34. You can listen to what interstellar space sounds like.
35. It takes a photon, on average, 170,000 years to travel from the core of the sun to the surface.
36. Then it takes just 8 minutes from the sun’s surface to your eyes.
37. A Mars-sized object crashed into Earth 4.5 billion years ago, chipping off a chunk of rock that became the moon, and making the Earth’s axis tilt slightly.
38. 111,111,111 × 111,111,111 = 12345678987654321.
39. Our first ancestor to walk on land was a four-legged fish called Tiktaalik.
40. Teenage brains really are different to adult ones.
41. There are roughly 2 pints of water in every cubic foot of soil on Mars.
42. You can use a blue whale’s wax earplug to work out its life history.
43. There’s a mammal in Australia that has sex until it disintegrates.
44. An orgasm can clear your sinuses.
45. There’s a mantis that can camouflage itself to look exactly like an orchid.
46. There’s an insect that has gears.
47. Life expectancy has doubled over the last 150 years.
48. Atoms are mostly empty space.
49. If you removed all the empty space from the atoms that make up all the humans on Earth, the remaining mass could fit inside a sugar cube.
50. In the history of the Earth, we’re closer to Tyrannosaurus rex than T. rex is to stegosaurus.




                                           


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LOST WRECKEDS

Many of us have heard the story of Robinson Crusoe. This is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1719 and is often considered the first novel ever written in English. The book is a fictional autobiography of the alleged author, whose name is eponymous with the title of the novel, describing his survival and life after the wreck was on a tropical island off the coast of Venezuela today, while encountering native inhabitants of America, captive and sailors revolt before being rescued.

We like to think that today, when we have the GPS, cell phones, satellite phones, Internet, wireless, etc., to be wrecked is almost impossible, because someone will see us anyway. But here it is not so. We present some interesting and bizarre stories about "modern castaways" who "lost" on purpose (or not) of the modern world and have lived solitary lives in deserted areas and islands. Maybe some people really love it!

The fisherman who was lost at sea for 13 months!

At the beginning of 2014, Jose Salvador Alvarenga found in an atoll in the Marshall Islands (in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines), after drifting on a small fishing boat for 13 months. He began his journey in Mexico, more than 9,000 km away. Some have questioned the veracity of his story, but it seems to be true.

According to Alvarenga, he went fishing one day in December 2012, along with a companion, but was caught in a storm which destroyed the engine and left it adrift for 13 months. His companion, fisherman Ezequiel Cordoba survived. Alvarenga said the younger man died four weeks after their trip, because it was not able to drink turtle blood and eat raw fish. Alvarenga was reunited with his family in El Salvador and continues to face health problems because of the journey.

Family surviving tortoise blood while lost at sea for 38 days

In 1971, Robertson family boarded their yacht Lucette in Falmouth harbor, Cornwall (Great Britain) to Galapagos Islands when disaster struck. Their boat was hit by a net killer whales, and thus was destroyed in minutes. The family took refuge on board a boat, yacht hung. They had just enough water for 10 days, and the only food available was a bag of onions, a box of biscuits, 10 oranges, six lemons and half a pound of glucose sweets. When supplies ran out, the family drank turtle blood to survive.

navigate around the world. After 18 months of travel, they reached 300 km

Lyn Robinson, mother and wife of the family, was a nurse, and so devised a technique to keep hydrated with rainwater collected in the boat. She knew that the water that was contaminated with the blood of turtle would be poisonous if it were taken orally and insisted that her family take enemas using a scale tubes.

On 23 July 1972, the family was recovered from a Japanese ship nearby.

New Zealander who has lived her dream of becoming a castaway in the South Pacific

New Zealander Tom Neale lived on a coral atoll of Suwarrow in the Cook Islands (in the Pacific Ocean) to 16, into three periods between 1952 and 1977.

Neale had this dream (of being a castaway) for over 30 years before his dream come true at the age of 51 years. After meeting with writer Robert Dean Frisbie, it told more about Suwarrow, and became fascinated by this atoll, knowing that it will become "home" to. In October 1952, Neale and gathered food, tobacco, various tools and two cats and boarded the island. He lived in buildings abandoned by the army during the Second World War. Neale has adapted to life on the island quite easily and fed on fish, crabs, shellfish, eggs, coconut, tree of bread, bananas and various vegetables.

Neale lived on the island until 1977, when cancer forced him to return to the mainland. He died eight months later. His grave is in the cemetery in Cook Islands, opposite the airport.

Inuit woman who survived alone on an island in the Arctic for two years

Ada Blackjack was an Inuit woman who was "stranded" on Wrangel Island (uninhabited) in northern Siberia.Wrangel Island. Hunger and despair, three members of the expedition had left the camp in January 1923, traveling 1,000 km on the frozen Chukchi Sea in Siberia, for help and foods. Only Ada and a crew member (ill) were left behind. Ada was taught how to hunt the man left. Scouts were not seen again, and in April 1923, Ada was left alone after the death of the man who caregiver. Ada was eventually saved.

On September 16, 1921, Blackjack was one of five settlers who went on an expedition to

Nicknamed "Robinson Crusoe woman" Ada hate the media circus around her and chose to live a quiet life. Eventually, she moved back to the Arctic, where he lived until the age of 85 years.

Castaway living in a national park

David Burgess, aged 63, is a castaway "voluntary", but its way of life was threatened by local officials who said that was installed illegally in Exmoor National Park (Great Britain), after asking property rights in land. For nearly three decades, Burgess lived in the park in a makeshift hut that one has built. He sleeps on a mattress of dried leaves.

In December 2011, David and park officials have reached an agreement that would allow the man to stay in his hut in the Exmoor National Park. It is somewhat questionable how "wrecked" is Burgess, as he goes to live with his friends in Exeter (a nearby village) during the harsh winter months.

Man who spent 60 days on a desert island with only a camera

Former British Army captain Ed Stafford, spent 60 days on a deserted island in the South Pacific, armed with only a camera. Discovery Channel aired a show with his experiences, titled "Goal and wrecked by Ed Stafford".

When Stafford was abandoned on the island, I had to learn about local plants, about different methods of fishing and hunting. The first day, he found a cave in which to sleep, snails for food and coconuts to drink. Stafford took two weeks to make the fire, after identifying suitable timber. Then he was able to kill a wild goat, which he skinned it, cut it and cleaned it. Capra gave food for the entire week.

Stafford says the biggest difficulty he encountered on his journey was facing isolation. Luckily for us, the journey of the island has been registered.

  The couple performed a social experiment to live as castaways

It was in 1982, when Lucy Irvine (25 years) and her husband, Gerald Kingsland (49 years) started Tuin Island, off the coast of Indonesia, to live as castaways. The two had to be based on trust to survive, given the natural environment difficult. When drought struck the island, the two nearly starved and were rescued by residents of neighboring islands. After this unique experience, she said: "The whole experience has served me well. She allowed me to discover and learn a discipline that I did not know I had a part. But do not think I would try again. For me, it was a unique thing. "




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Do you know how the pigeons orient ?

For years, scientists have been surprised by a seemingly inexplicable phenomenon: racing pigeons, known for their seafaring skills, get lost when they were released in a region of the U.S. state of New York.

Now, new research decipher this mystery. The study published in the Journal of Experimental Biology suggests that birds use low frequency sounds to guide and in the region of U.S. birds can not hear anything.

Study author Dr. Jonathan Hagstrum from USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) states that birds create "noise maps" of the surroundings. Other researchers, however, say that Hagstrum's theory is controversial and there is much debate on how the birds manage to navigate so effectively.

This mysterious phenomenon has been discovered in the '60s, when Bill Keeton Professor at Cornell University wanted to understand the extraordinary skills of racing pigeons, which can return home even when they are released in locations that did not have never visited.

To this end, Professor of pigeons released from various locations in the U.S. state of New York. To his surprise, when the birds were released near Jersey Hill, near Ithaca, they became disoriented and flew at random. Professor Keeton repeated the experiment several times, the effect is the same. The only time the birds were able to fly naturally was on 13 august 1969, when they were able to return home.

Now, the doctor found Hagstrum explanation for this mysterious phenomenon.

"Birds flying with a compass and a map. The compass is usually the position of the Sun or the Earth's magnetic field, but the map was not identified in past decades. I have found that birds use sound as a map, using them to position themselves in relation to their home, "says Hagstrum.

Pigeons, says the researcher, "using infrasound" - very low frequency sounds that can not be heard by humans.

"Sounds originate in the ocean. Intersecting waves of the ocean and the atmosphere creates the sounds and the earth. This energy can be detected anywhere on Earth, even in the center of a continent, "says Hagstrum. The researcher believes that when birds are released from an unknown place, they try to identify, infrasound, "footprint" of the home signal, then using it to navigate.

Infrasound can be affected by changes in the atmosphere. Therefore, Dr. Hagstrum studied data collected over time to compare the temperature and wind structure in places where pigeons were released by Professor Keeton. Using these data, Hagstrum has calculated how sound would travel from the "house" pigeons at Jersey Hill.

"Structure of the temperature and wind structure of the atmosphere were such in that area of ​​New York that the sound did not reach Hill Jersey," said the researcher. Therefore, birds were unable to hear, so that they could navigate and fly at random.

"On 13 august 1969, the troposphere has been a phenomenon that has turned the sound back to the ground, so it has come to Jersey Hill" Hagstrum said.

Dr. Hagstrum believes that these disorders may explain infrasound and other mysterious events that have affected racing pigeons, for example a race across the English Channel, which took place in 1997 when over 60,000 birds have left the trail.

The researcher acknowledged that the idea is controversial, noting that "does not mean that we have demonstrated unmistakably that is exactly, but I started a new idea which, in my opinion, is the best explanation for these phenomena, as explained events in Jersey Hill ".

Other researchers have launched different ideas on pigeon orientation, suggesting that birds use smell, visual cues, Earth's magnetic field, or a combination of these factors.

Tim Guilford, a professor at Oxford University, says that "despite the fact that there are few details on which scientists disagree, we know from the experimentally obtained ample evidence that, as a rule, access to atmospheric odors is usually necessary and sufficient to explain the navigational abilities of birds. It is also possible to use the sun as a compass (on sunny days) and a magnetic compass (cloudy days). "When birds become familiar with the environment, they begin to depend on topographic features for navigation, forming and favorite tracks," Guilford said.

Professor Guilford's method Hagstrum says that is "interesting" and noted that exploration of new ideas is a valuable thing. However, Guilford concluded that "the large number of other mechanisms evidence for me to believe that it is unlikely to be secret infrasound navigational abilities of birds."

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CURIOSITY IS NATURAL !

Many associate the progress of science and technology throughout the history of mankind, with the imperative of military progress. In short, how to kill increasingly effective led to the development of human and technological developments in all areas of industrialization (in support of the war effort) to the use of atomic energy, medical advances, especially in surgery, and various inventions that make our currently lives easier - have emerged and developed in one way or another related to the need to create your advantage on the battlefield.

* One of the invention is from a low American company named Kimberly-Clark and absorbent material which is referred to Cellucotton (the combination of pulp and cotton). This material was used to obtain the first surgical pads. U.S. company representatives toured paper mills in Germany, Austria and Scandinavia in 1914 and identified on this occasion a material five times more absorbent than cotton. Once the United States entered World War I in 1917, military doctors began using surgical pads made ​​from this material. But only after nurses understand the benefits of these pads for their own hygiene, Kimberly-Clark American company registered huge gains.

* Another product born in the context of the Great War is a tissue paper. Selling sanitary napkin suffer while the women are ashamed to ask these from sellers men. Only in the early 20s, after the war, the idea was born sanitary napkins produced by hot pressing of the same material used to produce sanitary pads. After a series of experiments that were more or less successful, sanitary napkins were first born in 1924 under the brand name "Kleenex".

* UV lamp appeared in a context where, in the winter of 1918, about half the children born in Berlin suffering from rickets. At that time, the exact causes of the disease were unknown, but the disease was associated with poverty. A doctor Berlin, Kurt Huldschinsky, observed that his patients whom he had treated rickets and very pale. He decided to experiment on four so pale and sick children of rickets, exposing them to mercury-quartz lamps that emit ultraviolet rays.

As the treatment continues, Huldschinsky little ones noted that bones become stronger. In May 1919, with the summer sun, he put the little ones to the beach. The results of this experiment were received with great enthusiasm. Subsequently scientists have realized that bones need to be solid calcium, calcium and vitamin D is absorbed by the action that is, in turn, produced by the body under the influence of ultraviolet rays. Poverty and malnutrition brought about by the First World War led to the discovery of treatment for rickets.

* The transition to summer time - the idea of ​​giving the clocks forward one hour in the spring and fall back one hour that was not new at the beginning of the Great War. Benjamin Franklin suggested in a letter sent to The Journal of Paris in 1784 which would be the benefits of transition to summer time. World War I, however, have to make this change. Faced with a huge shortage of coal, the German authorities decreed that on April 30, 1916 watches to be given an hour before so 23:00 becomes 24:00, resulting in an extra hour of daylight from the next morning. What began in Germany as a way to save fuel for heat and light in time of war, and then spread rapidly to other countries.

* Tea bags were invented to address any issues of war. They were invented by an American retailer of tea in 1908, which aims to sell single portions (and cheap) to prepare a cup of tea. Incidentally, some of its customers have escaped, inadvertently, these paper bags in the cup with hot water, and the rest became history. A German company, Teekanne, but copied this idea during the Great War, including the front rations cotton tea bags. The name chosen for this product was the "bomb tea."

* Wristwatch was not invented specifically for soldiers in World War I, but this accessory began to be increasingly used in conditions of war. Before, men who could afford, used to wear pocket watches with chain. During the war, however, became very important to coordinate perfectly certain military actions - such as the synchronization of artillery barrages on certain sections of the front - and manufacturers of watches have created pieces that could be worn on the hand, while leaving both hands free to keep the gun or if aviators, flight stick.

Even one of the most famous watches today, luxury model Tank, Cartier, comes from 1917 when French manufacturer Louis Cartier chose as inspiration for his new model wristwatch new Renault tanks.

* Vegetarian sausages were invented by Konrad Adenauer, the first Chancellor of Germany after the Second World War. During the first World War, Adenauer was mayor of Cologne and as the economic blockade imposed on Germany by the British began to make its effects felt, Adenauer was faced with the need to feed the city threatened by starvation. He began to use a mixture of rice flour, barley and corn Romanian origin to make bread. Everything seemed to go very well until Romania entered the war on the Entente side and Adenauer did not have access to corn.

With this bread "experimental" Adenauer came to experience and soy sausage that was used as a substitute for meat. Initially, this book received the name "Friedenswurst" or "sausage peace". Adenauer asked to be recognized herein and to obtain a patent from the German Imperial Office for Inventions, but was refused. According to German regulations on the content of sausages, sausage meat free sausages were not considered. Strangely, Adenauer had more luck with the UK, Germany opponent then. On June 26, 1918 King George V patented soy sausages.

* The zipper was invented by a Swedish immigrant origin, Gideon Sundback, who settled in America, where he became chief designer of the company Universal Fastener Company. His concept of fasteners for clothes and shoes, without buttons or laces, was taken over by the U.S. military, especially the Navy, was used during the Great War uniforms and boots marines intervening in the war on the Entente side.

* Another invention verified its usefulness in the Great War is stainless steel. I have to thank Harry Brearley of Sheffield for the idea of ​​a steel does not rust and does not corrode. As mentioned in the archives of the city: "In 1913, Harry Brearley of Sheffield achieved what is considered as the first steel does not rust or stainless steel - a product that revolutionized the metal industry and has become an important component of the modern world."

Before the Great War British Army alloys look better for his guns. The problem was that the gun barrel while deformation due to firing. Harry Brearley, metallurgist from a company in Sheffield, was called to perform some tough alloys. He added chrome steel. The story goes that the results of the first experiments cast scrap yard factory, but later noticed that these were the only samples that have not rusted in the scrap heap were thrown.

* Aviation communications have emerged as a necessity, all during the first World War. Before the Great War, the pilots had no way to communicate with each other or with ground personnel. Radio communications technology was available, but was developed in particular during World War at Brooklands and then at Biggin Hill, UK. The first attempts to integrate wireless communication devices on planes have been hampered by the loud noise produced by aircraft engine. Before that pilots had to scream or to make hand signs to understand each other. Communication problem was finally solved by the invention of a pilot headphone with integrated microphone and speakers, headset that managed to block most of the noise of engines. This way radio communication between pilots paved the way for the enormous progress made by the civil aviation after the war.

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